What is frozen shoulder? Symptoms, treatment, risk factors and exercises

An expert explains the links to age, menopause and diabetes, its three stages, and why early medical intervention and stretches help

Anthea Rowanin Nairobi

When her left shoulder began to ache shortly before she turned 50, my sister Carol Wilson ignored the pain and put it down to a poor-quality mattress. She hoped the situation would resolve when she moved house in the UK – and got a new bed. The pain continued.

“I kept hoping it would get better,” she says. “But it didn’t.”

Her doctor diagnosed a frozen shoulder and alluded to it being something that occurred in “women of a certain age”. He prescribed physiotherapy, which didn’t help her much, then quite strong painkillers, because the pain was disturbing her sleep. Pain at night is a hallmark symptom of the condition.

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